Answer:
d. Strain theory argues that social stigmas may produce deviance and crime.
Explanation:
This is the statement that most closely approaches the definition of "strain theory." Strain theory is a theory in sociology that argues that the pressure and stigmas that people can feel within society are one of the reasons why they might be driven to commit crimes. This theory often focuses on disadvantaged or stigmatized groups in society. Some of the social factors that can cause deviance and crime are poverty, lack of education or being the target of racism.
I believe the answer is humans are neither good nor bad.
Ans: The basic needs approach to development was endorsed by governments and workers' and employers' organizations from all over the world. Many modern lists emphasize the minimum level of consumption of 'basic needs' of not just food, water, clothing and shelter, but also sanitation, education, and healthcare.
I believe the answer is Inference.
In creating an inference, you need to find a reliable source to obtain a certain amount of data and information.
After that, you need to process that data/information with your personal knowledge and deductive reasoning in order to create a conclusion
After having relative prosperity during the second half of the 20th century until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Citizens from Russia experimented relative economic hardship during the rest of the 90s. The government led by Boris Yeltsin was not successful in the transition of the economic model from socialism to open market capitalism.
Then came Vladimir Putin at the beginning of the 21st century. Under his regime, the Russian economy experimented a sustained growth due to the rising prices of oil. Industries like production, construction, real estate, and financial services all grew.
As a consequence of the improvement of the economy, the middle class grew as well as their income. GDP per capita (the amount of money the average Russian gains over a year) sharply rose since the beginning of Putin's regime and is barely reaching $12000 in 2017.
However, the country still fails to score positively in regarding corruption levels and freedom of speech. As the government is constantly accused of suppressing political opposition.
This leads to describing the standard of living of the average Russian citizen as constantly improving in economic terms, but still lacking the guarantee of security and freedom of speech.
