The light-dependent reactions require light and water, occur in the thylakoids, and produce ATP and NADPH. The light-independent reactions require carbon dioxide, occur in the stroma, and produce high-energy sugars. What are the three primary factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
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Aquatic organisms have external fertilization and reproduction is done through mating of male and female.
<h3>How do aquatic vertebrates reproduce?</h3>
All vertebrates reproduce through mating of male and female. Aquatic species generally have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species usually have internal fertilization.
In conclusion, aquatic organisms have external fertilization and reproduce through mating of male and female.
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Natural selection is the idea that organisms that posses favorable traits that enable them to survive in their environment are the ones that live long enough to pass on these traits to their offspring.
<h3>What is natural selection?</h3>
The question is incomplete but I will try my best to explain the idea of natural selection.
The term natural selection refers to the idea put forward by Charles Darwin that organisms that posses favorable traits that enable them to survive in their environment are the ones that live long enough to pass on these traits to their offspring. This is also called the survival of the fittest.
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The correct answer is - A. A few centimeters a year.
Earth's crustal plates move very slowly, between 2 cm and 5 cm (depending on the plate) annually. This is the reason why it takes millions of years for them to significantly change their position, and with it the appearance of our planet. These crustal plates are slowly moving around the planet because they are powered by flow in the interior mantle.
The phenotype is - 75 % red and 25 %brown.
The genotype is hRhR - 25%
hBkhR - 50%
hBrhBk - 25%.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
The cross given here is a simple dominant - recessive relationship between the three types of alleles of hair colour. The genes of this characteristics are present in autosomes, so will be segregated equally among all the sexes of the offsprings.
Now the genotype of auburn and red with black mother is given. So during gametogenesis, the gametes from the parents will be
Father - hBr and hR
Mother - hBk and hR
So, the probable combinations are hBrhBk, hBrhR and hBkhR.
The frequency of the combinations are 25%, 25% and 50% respectively.
The phenotypic ratio will be red : brown as 3:1.