The incorporation of valinomycin, a neutral antibiotic, into a polyvinyl chloride membrane allows for the manufacture of an ion-selective electrode that is highly selective for potassium.
<h3>How Valinomycin Ionophores Enter and Transport K+ across Model Lipid Bilayer Membranes?</h3>
- A biomimetic lipid membrane attached to the surface of the gold electrode contained the cyclic peptide valinomycin.
- The ionophore characteristics of the peptide were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the conformation and orientation of the antibiotic valinomycin within the membrane were identified using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy.
- By forming a complex with potassium ions and an ion pair with a counter anion, valinomycin transports ions across the membrane, and the combination of these two techniques revealed novel information about the ionophore mechanism.
- The ion pair is located inside the hydrophobic portion of the membrane and makes a little angle of around 22° with the surface normal.
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If you categorize humans into large groups based on physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture, you are relying on which form of categorization?
A. political identity
B. race
C. class- consciousness
D. ethinicity
Answer:
B. Race
Explanation:
Human races are the distinct human populations that are classified and are different from each other with respect to one or other morphological traits. It generally takes into account of the traits such as skin color, hair structure, etc. Mongoloid and negroids are two races of the human that are found in distinct geographical regions and exhibit some distinct traits that are not expressed in the humans of other races. This classification does not consider the ability of mating to produce fertile progeny.
Animals need to eat or consume food
Storing energy is an important function
The mutation will become more common in offspring and increase the genetic variability in the gene pool.
