Answer and Explanation: The figure below shows the doses of BPA administered to the female mice over time.
An experiment is used to determine cause and effect among variables. When the research is for the impact of a treatment, researchers randomly separate individuals in two groups:
- <em><u>Control</u></em> <em><u>Group</u></em> doesn't receive any treament or a placebo or a treatment whose outcome is already known;
- <em><u>Treatment</u></em> <em><u>Group</u></em> receives the treatment;
For the female mice on the image below, in the First Group is not injected any dosage of BPA, so they are the control group, while the <u>others</u> are <u>treatment group</u>.
The variables in a experiment are classified as independents or dependents:
- <em><u>Independent</u></em> <em><u>Variable</u></em> is the cause;
- <em><u>Dependent</u></em> <em><u>Variable</u></em> is the effect;
For the BPA research, since it is the effect of BPA over time on the mice's cells it is being investigated, <u>dosage</u> of BPA is the <u>independent</u> variable and <em>time</em> is the <em>dependent</em> variable.
The answer D) all of the above
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the only known growth factor that activates quiescent satellite cells in skeletal muscle.
Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin.
HGF, produced by some cancer cells, stimulates c-Met, through activation of the autocrine signaling system. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine hormone that plays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HGF secreted by mesenchymal cells affects many properties of epithelial cells, such as proliferation, motility, and morphology.
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