Answer:
1. de jure segregation
2. de facto segregation
Explanation:
Racial segregation occurs when opportunities, services, amenities, facilities, other things like employment, housing, education, transportation, and medical care are segregated according to races. Racial segregation be de jure segregation or de facto segregation.
De jure segregation occurs when a group of people are separated legally based on their race in accordance to the law of the land which is being enforced. De jure is latin word which means "according to law".
On the other hand, de facto segregation occur when people are separated because of personal choice, actual circumstance or factual happenings. This means people are not separated legally but they just chose to be separated themselves. The facto is latin word which implies "in fact"'
Therefore, someone who experienced racial segregation of public schools was subjected to de facto segregation, while someone who currently lives in an inner city neighborhood that is populated only by racial minorities is subjected to dej jure segregation.
Answer: This isn't really understood, because not all societies formed governments in the sense of western hierarchical systems, and not all governments formed under the same conditions. It is one of those mysteries, which means it was a gradual thing, and not a sudden seasonal change from anarchy to government. The first government accumulated within a group of people who spoke the same language, and there was some pressure on them that required some level of organization for the distribution of resources and labor, so it seems, but even as I write this I know that is far too simple.
For thousands of years it was believed there was a natural hegemony bestowed by divine power, then, there was the American Revolution and the idea of government was turned upside down. Following that was Karl Marx, who suggested that government was a mechanism of oppression to control the means of production and wealth accumulation, but all of the hypotheses built from this idea, which most of modern thinking can find some degree of lineage to, are problematic to be nice, and outright failures at the other extreme.
Quick answer is, there are a thousand answers, none of which have proven to be universal, so they are only partially right.
There is a lot of room for research in this area.
One way in which the ancient Sumerians, Egyptians, and Mayas are similar is that these civilizations developed irrigation systems.
Answer:
The caste system is structured in terms of the businesses. The area of work defines what caste a certain person belongs to. Work lines such as agriculture and trade are considered as the higher and more prestigious castes whereas the lower level works such as music is considered as a caste of lower rank.
People are known from the caste background they belong to and that defines their role in the society. People tend to marry in the same caste to avoid mixing up in lower castes. some castes are given preference over other in the employment market. This also gives rise to inequality in the society.
