Dred Scott Vs. Stanford case was heard in Supreme court of US which issued its final ruling saying that Africans whether free or slaves were not the citizens of US.
Explanation:
Dred Scott who is a plaintiff and a slave was bought by John Emerson in Missouri. Later Emerson came along with Dred Scott to Illinois where Scott married and as they were returning to Missouri, Emerson died. Now Dred Scott decided to sue for his freedom in the federal court. He claimed he was free as he lived in the free state.
Robert Taney who was the chief justice issued the land mark decision that African american though free or slave were not the citizen of US and hence Dred Scott had no right to sue in the federal court. Dred Scott lost his case and this ruling was condemned universally as one of the racism based verdicts which paved way for the amendments of the statutes pertaining to the rights of African Americans.
He could create relationships with the southern and northern states
The correct answer is - dysphasic or dysphonic.Dysphasia is a speech disorder that makes it difficult for a person to generate speech and sometimes also understand it. It is generally a symptom of brain damage or disease. Dysphonia is a similar condition but it's caused by a physical disorder of speech organs.
Primary Reinforcer vs Secondary Reinforcer
While a primary reinforcer is innate, a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, treats, or money.
