During the second gap, or G2 phase, the cell continues to grow in size and produce proteins necessary for cell division. Microtubules, filamentous internal structures, necessary for separating the chromosome copies are made during this phase. The second internal checkpoint that determines if the cell can continue through its cycle occurs in G2. While the G1 checkpoint checks to verify DNA is error free before replication, the checkpoint in G2 confirms the new DNA is error free after replication
There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Because this process is so critical, the steps of mitosis are carefully controlled by a number of genes. When mitosis is not regulated correctly, health problems such as cancer can result.
The other type of cell division, meiosis, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation. It is a two-step process that reduces the chromosome number by half—from 46 to 23—to form sperm and egg cells. When the sperm and egg cells unite at conception, each contributes 23 chromosomes so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46. Meiosis also allows genetic variation through a process of DNA shuffling while the cells are dividing.
When muscles are required to work harder than they're used to or in a different way, it's believed to cause microscopic damage to the muscle fibres, resulting in muscle soreness or stiffness.
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The answer is Mars, because Venus and Mercury have no moons. Earth has one moon.
