Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master soil horizons<span>, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons: the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but such a horizon can also be buried. The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals (eluviation). Hard bedrock, which is not soil, uses the letter R.</span>
Answer:
Prediction results for glucose transport in the presence of Dinitrophenol (DNP) are as following:
- Decreased transport of glucose
- DNP disrupts the gradient of protons and the output of ATP
- ATP needed for the Na+/K+ pump to the est. Gradient Na+
- The gradient required for Sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs)
Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an uncoupler, or is capable of separating electron flow and H+ ion pumping for ATP synthesis. This means that ATP synthesis can not use the energy from electron transfer, hence it will support in lab as well.
Vance is demonstrating conceptual knowledge
Conceptual knowledge is the clear and detailed understanding of principles, concepts, models or theories and the understanding of the linking relationships between them. Conceptual knowledge is acquired by thoughtful, reflective learning, listening, reading, or viewing. From the question, Vance is demonstrating conceptual knowledge because he has the explicit understanding of why rainfall amounts affect different types of vegetation positively and others negatively.
