Chemiosmosis is the term used to describe the process of producing atp via a proton gradient.
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What is a proton?</h3>
The subatomic particle known as a proton has a fixed mass of one and a charge of one (positive charge). Protons are represented by the symbols p or p+. Every atom has protons in its nucleus. The atomic number of an element is determined by how many protons it has.
The atomic nucleus contains both protons and neutrons, which are collectively referred to as nucleons. Protons repel one another due to their positive electrical charge, but when protons and neutrons are sufficiently close to one another, electrostatic attraction is overcome by the strong nuclear force. They can unite because of this. Hadrons include protons and neutrons. Quarks are even smaller subatomic particles that make up a proton. Three quarks make up one proton.
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Answer:
Unnecessary constraints
Explanation:
Unnecessary constraints is when people place a mental block to solving problem. They assume irrelevant information is causing distraction for a solving the problem at hand. Such is what Joan is facing.
Answer:
Explained
Explanation:
Concordance: This is a term used in genetics. This term is used to imply the presence of the same trait/characteristic in both the members of a pair of twins.
Twins can be of 2 types. They are monozygotic twins and Dizygotic twins.Monozygotic twins are identical twins, i.e. they are formed from one zygote that later splits into two forming two embryos.
Dizygotic twins are non-identical twins or fraternal twins formed from the fertilization of two different eggs with two different sperm cells.
Concordance values can be calculated as:
C = Number of concordance pairs/(number of concordant pairs + number of discordant pairs)
Monozygotic twins generally have a concordance value of 44% for a specific trait.
Dizygotic twins have a concordance value of less than 5 % for a trait.
For identical twins the number of concordant pairs would be 50 out of 100.concordant pair would be
For non-identical twins, the number of concordant pair would be 17 out of 100.
For a recessive trait to be expressed, both the parents should be heterozygous for that trait.
D. James Madison
Explanation:
Madison realized that drafting a Bill of Rights was politically imperative.
