The doctrine of nullification is the state's right to not accept congressional federal laws if they deem that the laws are unconstitutional. The states exercise this doctrine.
1. james Garfield
2. Chester A arthur
3. Grover cleveland
granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” so the answer would b A. to give americans the right to vote.