Answer:
The answer is C.
Explanation:
The submentovertex or the full basal projection of the skull is used best to demonstrate the base of the skull or the base of cranium. In this method, the x-rays' direction is starting from under the chin and exiting at the vertex or the top of the skull.
I hope this answer helps.
<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
The Miller-Urey experiment showed that simple molecules could have arisen abiotically. This chemical experiment included conditions similar to those present on the early Earth, and tested the origin of life under those conditions.
Water (H2O), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) were the chemicals used to produce the results of the experiment, the factors needed for simple life to arise. Given similar conditions on other planets, it's possible that life could arise there as well.
The inner planets (in order of distance from the sun, closest to furthest) are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
