The publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
<h3>What are cytokines?</h3>
Cytokines are molecules of the immune system that act during different types of immune responses, especially in inflammatory pathways.
Cytokines are mainly secreted by helper T immune cells (T cells) and macrophages.
In this case, the publication above mentioned uses different cytokine biomarkers to test inflammatory responses after orthodontic treatment (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, etc).
In conclusion, the publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
Learn more about cytokines here:
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Answer:
reas on the Equator have a constant 12 hours of day light all year round. As latitude increases to 80° (polar circles - north or south) day length can be seen to increase to 24 hours or decrease to zero (depending on time of year). Land of the Midnight Sun and Polar Winters where the sun never rises.
Explanation:
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A major problem in sending space probes to Jupiter is that the planet has no solid surface on which to land, as there is a smooth transition between the planet's atmosphere and its fluid interior. Any probes descending into the atmosphere are eventually crushed by the immense pressures within Jupiter
Answer:It is called The Foramen Magnum
Explanation: It is a large oval opening linking the Spinal cord and the Brain
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