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iogann1982 [59]
2 years ago
9

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease in humans where the function of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is impaired by mutation

of the human PAH gene. Untreated, individuals with PKU can have intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and seizures. However, people who eat a diet low in phenylalanine can lead a normal life. What terms describe PKU as a trait
Biology
1 answer:
Murljashka [212]2 years ago
4 0

Pleiotropy refers to the phenomenon of a single gene affecting multiple traits. Phenylketonuria is an example of Pleiotropy.

<h3>What is Pleiotropy?</h3>

The production of diverse effects, especially the production by a single gene of several distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypic effects known as pleiotropy.

Phenylketonuria, generally known as PKU, is a rare hereditary condition that results in an accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body. The phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene is altered in PKU. The enzyme required to degrade phenylalanine is produced in part because of this gene. PKU can be seen to behave as a 'complex' trait.

Only 11.1 percent of MHP patients were homozygous, compared to 58.4 percent of individuals with classic PKU. Individuals with mild PKU had a compound heterozygous rate of 72.5% compared to only 35.1% in patients with classic PKU.

Learn more about pleiotropy here:

brainly.com/question/2088690

#SPJ4

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Consider a species of sparrow that originally lived only in Alaska but recently expanded its range through North America, then C
Shtirlitz [24]

Answer:

North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency for most loci, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest heterozygosity level.  

Explanation:

Some different forces or mechanisms might alter H-W equilibrium and lead to evolution, such as mutation, natural selection, migration, and genetic drift.

In the exposed example, we have a species of sparrow that migrates from Alaska to North America. Migration is unidirectional, which means that the movement occurs in only one direction: from Alaska to North America. We should also consider that the first immigrants colonized the area for the first time, meaning that there was not a receiving population of the same species already established. Finally, we need to consider that Alaska´s environmental conditions are very different from North America´s environmental conditions.

When a species arrives at a new place, it needs to adapt. The establishment and dispersion of the species in the new area depend on previous adaptation. So, when the firsts sparrow individuals arrived in North America, they faced new environmental conditions that acted as selective pressures that drove to the occurrence of mutations. A mutation implicates a stable and inheritable change in the genetic material. A mutation introduces changes, new alleles in the population, variability. But mutation rates are very low and have no evolutive direction, so they need another force to increase or decrease the mutant allelic frequencies. Natural selection benefits new advantageous alleles and transmits them to new generations changing their relative frequencies. <em>So, sparrows arrive in North America, mutated, and natural selection favored the beneficial mutations leading to a better adaptation to the environment.</em> This means that the heterozygosity level in this new recent population is very high.

As animals adapt to the new habitat and have better dispersal genes, they get to disperse even more. So they start new migration south, to Central America and South America. Again, they are moving to new regions with new conditions, and to establish they need to suffer new adaptations. But remember that we are talking about a recent event in time. Probably the animals migrating south are just a few.  They have not spent enough time yet in the new area, to adapt to the new environment and to include new genes into their population. What is even more, as they are a small new population moving south, they are more vulnerable to genetic drift events. Genetic drift acts on a population decreasing the variability between individuals, hence, decreasing the heterozygosity. <em>This small population suffers low mutation, has not enough time to establish, and is more vulnerable to genetic drift events.</em> The heterozygosity level is probably inferior to North America´s one.

Comparing the three areas, we could say that North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest level of heterozygosity.

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Answer:

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Explanation:

Protists may cause disease and even kill living things. Also, algal blooms are essentially protists but have chloroplasts- which plays a part in them being harmful.

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The largest dna fragments are located near the top of the gel. (Negative electrode, where they began)
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