Answer:
Fertilization
Explanation:
Egg and sperm are cells known as gametes produced by the GAMETOPHYTE of a sexually-reproducing organism via meiosis. Since egg and sperm cells are produced through meiotic division, their chromosomal number is reduced by half of the parental organism. Hence, sperms and eggs are haploid cells (n) produced by a diploid organism (2n).
Sperm is the male gamete while egg is the female gamete. These two haploid gametes fuse in a process called FERTILIZATION, to produce a diploid ZYGOTE that eventually grows into the diploid structure of the organism called SPOROPHYTE. This system of reproduction called ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS is used by lower and higher plants.
Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Answer: c. If you cut an onion near a person, then his/her eyes will always begin to produce tears
Explanation:
C Time of year I just took the quiz.
