For Arduinos, C++ wrappers around C are used. The goal is to hide the details with setting up and using the AVR, therefore, it's a pretty simple program.
Answer: C++
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+ = <3
RAM*
But yes true, it’s a primary, volatile system
For the first question, you would just add the parenthesis to the string mutation1:
String word = "sadly";
String mutation1 = "(" + word + ")";
For the second you need the method substring from the String class:
It is defined as String.substring(begining, ending);
String name = "Smith";
String firstCharacter = name.substring(0, 1);
0 is considered the beginning of the string, then you get the next 1 characters.
D. All of the above
Sorry If Wrong