Assuming you're referring to a political context, the Ancient Greeks practiced a system of "direct democracy," in which each eligible citizen voted directly on all issues facing the state. This is different than a representative democracy, as it exists in the United States.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
They learned to read and stuff.
Answer: Pearl harbor attack was so damaging because the Americans believed the Japanese lacked the capacity to host such an attack.
Americans believed that the Japanese would attack the Philippines, south east Asia, or the Soviet Union, thus unpredicted.
Hope this helps^^