<span>The contestable market model of oligopoly bases pricing and output decisions on the threat of new entrants into the market. The oligopoly market form is where the market or industry is run by a small amount of sellers that can influence the price and other market factors.</span>
Singular command. In a motor vehicle accident with multiple victims, the scene will be chaotic and having a single, clear leader will best help resolve the situation.
Answer:
(A) Fixed exchange rate regime
(B) Fixed exchange rate
(C) Flexible exchange rate
(D) Flexible exchange rate
Explanation:
(A) A fixed exchange rate regime signals a commitment not to engage in inflationary policies. NOTE: Inflationary policies are a type of monetary policies (the type used to pump money into the economy). See answer (D).
(B) A fixed exchange rate regime provides certainty about the value of a currency, for example, when the exchange rate between Philippine Pesos and Arab Emirate Dollars is fixed at 10PHP - 1AED, traders in this currency will be certain that at any planning time in business, investment or consumption, 10 PHP will be equal to 1 AED.
(C) Flexible exchange rate distorts incentives for importing and exporting goods and services. What are these incentives? On the government side, it is either the revenue that government makes from import tariffs and duties OR the subsidy that government pays on exported goods. On the importer/exporter side, it is the custom duties paid by importers on imported goods AND the subsidies enjoyed by exporters on exported products. A flexible exchange rate distorts or fluctuates these incentives.
(D) Flexible exchange rate enables policy makers to engage in monetary policy. Now, monetary policy is a tool used by ministers of finance or policy makers in every country; to regulate (increase or reduce or bring back to normal) spending and investment. If the exchange rate between or among countries were fixed, monetary policies would have limited application or usefulness when implemented. A flexible exchange rate encourages and enables engagement in or use of monetary policies.
Money supply = Currency in circulation + Checkable deposits.=600 + 900 = 1500 Billion
Current deposit ratio = Currency in Circulation/ Checkable deposits. = 600/900 = .667
Excessive reserve ratio = Excess Reserves/Checkable deposits.= 15/900 = .0167
Money multiplier = (1 + C)/(rr + ER + C)= (1 + .667)/ (.0278 + .0167 + .667) = 2.343
