Answer:
Replication relies on complementary base pairing, that is the principle explained by Chargaff's rules: adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always bonds with guanine (G).
Explanation:
A decreased pH coupled with a decreased plasma concentration of bicarbonate ion indicates that acidosis is occurring and the respiratory system will compensate for this change.
<span>Acidosis (metabolic) is a state when increased acidity in the blood occurs and it usually refers when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Metabolic acidosis may result from increased production of metabolic acids (lactic, for example) and is characterized by low pH, low blood HCO3, and normal or low PaCO2. Metabolic acidosis is compensated with an increased exhalation of CO2 to reduce metabolic acid.</span>
Stress is typically associated with elevated levels of epinephrine and cortisol; some physiologists now define stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
<h3>What are glucocorticoids?</h3>
Glucocorticoids are part of the innate immune system's feedback loop, which diminishes certain facets of immune function, such as inflammation.
As a result, in medicine, they are used to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system, such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis.
Stress is typically associated with elevated epinephrine and cortisol levels; however, some physiologists now describes stress as any situation that raises cortisol levels.
Thus, the answer is cortisol and epinephrine.
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