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1 year ago

Setting standards, measuring performance, and comparing performance to standards are the:_____.

Business

1 answer:

pychu [463]1 year ago

6 0

Setting standards, measuring performance, and comparing performance to standards are the parts of controlling.

Control is a management function that aids in error detection and the implementation of corrective measures. This is done to reduce departure from standards and make that the organization's stated goals are met in the desired way.

Controlling is a management function that aids in obtaining desired results from employees at all organizational levels, including managers and subordinates. The managing function aids in tracking advancement toward corporate objectives, identifies deviations, and suggests necessary remedial action.

Learn more about controlling here

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Select the correct text in the passage.

tia_tia [17]

Answer:

the answer is the first sentence and the last

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

produces considerable inefficiency in the use of scarce resources. effectively harnesses the incentives of workers and entrepren

gladu [14]

Complete Question:

The market system:

A. produces considerable inefficiency in the use of scarce resources.

B. effectively harnesses the incentives of workers and entrepreneurs.

C. is not consistent with freedom of choice in the long run.

D. has slowly lost ground to emerging command systems.

Answer:

B. effectively harnesses the incentives of workers and entrepreneurs.

Explanation:

An economic system can be defined as a series of governmental or societal arrangements and a coordinating mechanism used for the allocation of available resources, economic inputs, goods and services across a particular country. The economic system differs according to the method used to coordinate economic activities and who the factors of production belongs to.

Generally, there are basically two (2) main types of economic systems and these are;

1. Command systems.

2. Market systems.

The market system effectively harnesses the incentives of workers and entrepreneurs because workers are able to engage in division of labor and are well compensated for their efficiency in service while the entrepreneur are usually rewarded with an increase in sales and profits.

The market system allows participants to have property rights such as trademarks, patents and copyright. Also, market systems are regulated by the competition among individuals (traders or entrepreneurs) and this gives direction to the market as they pursue self interests and are independent.

7 0

3 years ago

In many large U.S. cities, taxicab companies operate as near monopolies because of_____.

Naya [18.7K]

Answer: Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

Correct Option: Licenses

In United States, there is a licensing system which prohibits the number of taxicabs allowed. So, there are less number of taxicabs companies operates in most of the united states cities.

There is a advantage for the taxicabs companies for using the monopoly power.

Whereas, some of the cities of U.S use 'taxi medallions" as the permits for picking up the passengers.

4 0

3 years ago

Trade barriers: Group of answer choices are still used by nations as a means of rewarding their friends and punishing their enem

elixir [45]

Answer:

are still used by nations as a means of rewarding their friends and punishing their enemies

Explanation:

Trade barriers "are still used by nations as a means of rewarding their friends and punishing their enemies."

The above statement is based on the fact that trade barriers have been analyzed to be damaging and reduce the total economic advantage of the affected countries.

For example, the imposition of taxes on food imports and subsidies for farmers in advanced countries leads to overproduction and eventually dumping on world markets, thereby reducing the prices and affecting the developing countries' farmers.

8 0

3 years ago

Here are returns and standard deviations for four investments. Return (%) Standard Deviation (%) Treasury bills 4.5 0 Stock P 8.

Jlenok [28]

Answer:

a. Standard deviation of the portfolio = 7.00%

b(i) Standard deviation of the portfolio = 30.00%

b(ii) Standard deviation of the portfolio = 4.00%

b(iii) Standard deviation of the portfolio = 21.40%

Explanation:

Note: This question is not complete. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:

Here are returns and standard deviations for four investments.

Return (%) Standard Deviation (%)

Treasury bills 4.5 0

Stock P 8.0 14

Stock Q 17.0 34

Stock R 21.5 26

Calculate the standard deviations of the following portfolios.

a. 50% in Treasury bills, 50% in stock P. (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

b. 50% each in Q and R, assuming the shares have:

i. perfect positive correlation

ii. perfect negative correlation

iii. no correlation

(Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

The explanation to the answer is now provided as follows:

a. Calculate the standard deviations of 50% in Treasury bills, 50% in stock P. (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Since there is no correlation between Treasury bills and stocks, it therefore implies that the correlation coefficient between the Treasury bills and stock P is zero.

The standard deviation between the Treasury bills and stock P can be calculated by first estimating the variance of their returns using the following formula:

Portfolio return variance = (WT^2 * SDT^2) + (WP^2 * SDP^2) + (2 * WT * SDT * WP * SDP * CFtp) ......................... (1)

Where;

WT = Weight of Stock Treasury bills = 50%

WP = Weight of Stock P = 50%

SDT = Standard deviation of Treasury bills = 0

SDP = Standard deviation of stock P = 14%

CFtp = The correlation coefficient between Treasury bills and stock P = 0.45

Substituting all the values into equation (1), we have:

Portfolio return variance = (50%^2 * 0^2) + (50%^2 * 14%^2) + (2 * 50% * 0 * 50% * 14% * 0) = 0.49%

Standard deviation of the portfolio = (Portfolio return variance)^(1/2) = (0.49%)^(1/2) = (0.49)^0.5 = 7.00%

b. 50% each in Q and R

To calculated the standard deviation 50% each in Q and R, we first estimate the variance using the following formula:

Portfolio return variance = (WQ^2 * SDQ^2) + (WR^2 * SDR^2) + (2 * WQ * SDQ * WR * SDR * CFqr) ......................... (2)

Where;

WQ = Weight of Stock Q = 50%

WR = Weight of Stock R = 50%

SDQ = Standard deviation of stock Q = 34%

SDR = Standard deviation of stock R = 26%

b(i). assuming the shares have perfect positive correlation

This implies that:

CFqr = The correlation coefficient between stocks Q and = 1

Substituting all the values into equation (2), we have:

Portfolio return variance = (50%^2 * 34%^2) + (50%^2 * 26%^2) + (2 * 50% * 34% * 50% * 26% * 1) = 9.00%

Standard deviation of the portfolio = (Portfolio return variance)^(1/2) = (9.00%)^(1/2) = (9.00%)^0.5 = 30.00%

b(ii). assuming the shares have perfect negative correlation

This implies that:

CFqr = The correlation coefficient between stocks Q and = -1

Substituting all the values into equation (2), we have:

Portfolio return variance = (50%^2 * 34%^2) + (50%^2 * 26%^2) + (2 * 50% * 34% * 50% * 26% * (-1)) = 0.16%

Standard deviation of the portfolio = (Portfolio return variance)^(1/2) = (0.16%)^(1/2) = (0.16%)^0.5 = 4.00%

b(iii). assuming the shares have no correlation

This implies that:

CFqr = The correlation coefficient between stocks Q and = 0

Substituting all the values into equation (2), we have:

Portfolio return variance = (50%^2 * 34%^2) + (50%^2 * 26%^2) + (2 * 50% * 34% * 50% * 26% * 0) = 4.58%

Standard deviation of the portfolio = (Portfolio return variance)^(1/2) = (4.58%)^(1/2) = (4.58%)^0.5 = 21.40%

8 0

3 years ago