Raynaud's phenomenon refers to an ailment featured by blood vessel unusuality resulting due to overactivity of the smooth muscle in the wall of arteries, causing spasms (vasospasms with constriction) of the small vessels, which supply blood to the legs, arms, feet, and hands, and sometimes the nose and ears.
Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger's disease and vasculitis, is characterized by thrombosis and inflammation of the small and medium arteries of the feet and legs that recurs and advances in phases.
As per the given scenario, the chances of an offspring as a male or female is 50% each.
<h3>What are chromosomes?</h3>
The thread like structure resides inside the nucleus is referred to as chromosomes.
As there are 23 pair of chromosomes present in the organisms, they transfer their equal numbers in the future generation with some variations.
As per the given image, it is clearly shown that there is 50% possibility of being male or female offspring.
Thus, the chances of an offspring of this pairing being born male or female are 50%.
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<span>(According to Reference)
Whereas an onion epidermal cell has a cell wall, a human cheek cell does not. Instead, a semi-permeable membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of the cheek cell. While there are chloroplasts present in onion cells, they are absent in cheek cells. </span>
<u>Answer:</u> The final population of Proteus vulgaris after 6 hours is 
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given:
Proteus vulgaris divides and doubles every 28 minutes
Total time given = 6 hours = 360 min (Conversion factor: 1 hr = 60 min)
Number of times Proteus vulgaris doubles in 6 hours = 
Calculating the number of bacteria after 6 hours under ideal conditions:
We are given:
Initial population = 500 cells
Number of times it doubles = 12.857 times
Final Proteus vulgaris population = 
Hence, the final population of Proteus vulgaris after 6 hours is
