Answer:
Devil's Advocacy
Explanation:
Devil's advocacy states that when an organization permits to an individual for criticizing the happenings in the firm at the time when the decision is relevant. The other person would be limited to access so this would increase the productivity and limits the group thinking 
 So here according to the given situation,  Jim's allowance of Clara to display the proposal for criticism is called as the Devil's advocacy.
 
        
             
        
        
        
(C) Direct marketing.
<h3>
What is telemarketing?</h3>
- Telemarketing is a form of direct marketing in which a salesman calls potential clients to ask them to purchase goods or services. 
- This can be done over the phone, during a prearranged in-person meeting, or by web conferencing.
<h3>
What is microtargeting?</h3>
- Direct marketing datamining techniques that use predictive market segmentation are part of microtargeting, which is frequently used by political parties and election campaigns.
<h3>What is direct marketing?</h3>
- The act of presenting an offer directly to a target client and providing them with a way to respond immediately is known as direct marketing. 
- It is sometimes referred to as direct response marketing among practitioners. 
- Advertising, in contrast, is a form of mass messaging.
<h3>What is the sharing economy?</h3>
- The sharing economy is a socioeconomic structure based on capitalism that emphasizes resource sharing. 
- It frequently involves a different method of buying goods and services than the conventional business model, which involves employers hiring workers to create commodities that are then sold to customers.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Direct marketing.
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Answer: a. $28,000 $210,000
Explanation:
First column is income and second is Carrying value.
Carrying value is the fair value at year end = $210,000
Income = Dividend received + fair value adjustment 
Fair value adjustment = Fair value - cost of shares
= 210,000 - 200,000
= $10,000
Dividend = 45% * 40,000
= $18,000
Income = 18,000 + 10,000
= $28,000
 
        
             
        
        
        
These payments to shareholders are called Dividends. The correct option is A.
<h3>Why are dividends paid?</h3>
Dividends are payments made to shareholders based on the number of shares they own. Shareholders expect profits to be returned to them by the companies in which they invest, but not all companies pay dividends.
A dividend is a monetary or non-monetary reward given by a company to its shareholders. Dividends can be paid in a variety of ways, including cash, stock, or any other form. The dividend of a company is decided by its board of directors and must be approved by the shareholders.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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