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2 years ago

Wolfgang pauli hypothesized an exclusion principle. This principle says two electrons in an atom cannot have the same what?.

1 answer:

tatiyna2 years ago

3 0

No two electrons in an atom or molecule may have the same four electronic quantum numbers, according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Only two electrons can fit into an orbital at a time, hence they must have opposing spins.

<h3>What is Pauli's exclusion principle ?</h3>

According to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in the same atom can have values for all four of their quantum numbers that are exactly the same. In other words, two electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spins and no more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital.

The reason it is known as the exclusion principle is because it states that all other electrons in an atom are excluded if one electron in the atom has the same specific values for all four quantum numbers.

Learn more about Pauli's exclusion principle here:

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3 years ago

Plutonium-239 is a radioactive isotope commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors. The half-life of plutonium-239 is 24,100 year

r-ruslan [8.4K]

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72,300 years.

Explanation:

Initial mass of this sample: 504 grams;

Current mass of this sample: 63 grams.

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$\displaystyle \frac{\text{Current Mass}}{\text{Initial Mass}} = \rm \frac{63\; g}{504\; g} = \frac{1}{8}$ .

The value of this fraction starts at 1 decreases to 1/2 of its initial value after every half-life. How many times shall 1/2 be multiplied to 1 before reaching 1/8? $2^{3} = 8$ . It takes three half-lives or $3\times 24100 = 72300$ years to reach that value.

In certain questions the denominator of the fraction is large. It might not even be an integer power of 2. The base-x logarithm function on calculators could help. Evaluate

$\displaystyle \log_{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{8}} = 3$ to find the number of half-lives required. In case the base-x logarithm function isn't available, but the natural logarithm function $\ln()$ is, apply the following expression (derived from the base-changing formula) to get the same result: