Answer:
Indenture
Deferred call provision
Explanation:
Indenture is defined as the contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds.
A call provision is defined as the right that the issuer of a security has to call or redeem the security at certain times and under specific conditions.
The call provision in which the issuer is prevented from calling a portion or the entire issue for several years during the early years of the bond issue is called deferred call provision.
Two main characteristics of Public goods are that they are non-excludability and non-competitiveness. These characteristics make it difficult for market producers to sell their goods to the individual consumers. The Non-excludable means that it is expensive or impossible for users to exclude other users from using the product.
The US Border Patrol is a Public Good US Border Patrol is a public good because it is the non-competitive and non-exclusive. The Satellite TV is personal property. Equilibrium output is greater than efficient output when negative externalities exist in the market. Use the regulations that require firms to internalize external costs.
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Answer: Controlling PMO
Explanation:
Controlling PMO works as an auditor for the company, tis check the organization tools, processes and ensures if standard are applied in projects. They are known by their level at which they control projects, they manage the project activities and budget. Actions are taken into place when measures are not met in the processes, tools and standard.
Answer:
Project A
Years Cashflows Discount factor Present values
0 250,000 1 -250,000
1-10 45,100 6.144 277,094.40
Sum of all present value=NPV=27,094.40
IRR (by using trial and error method) = 12.4696%
Note: Discount factor for the year 1-10 is calculated by using annuity formula i.e [1-(1+10%)]/10% = 6.144
Project B
Years Cashflows Discount factor Present values
0 (350,000) 1 (350,000)
1 72,500 0.91 65,975
2 65,500 0.83 54,365
3 73,800 0.75 55,350
4 71,500 0.68 48,620
5 69,800 0.62 43,276
6 75,500 0.56 42,280
7 31,000 0.51 15,810
8 47,500 0.47 22,325
9 55,500 0.42 23,310
10 29,200 0.38 11,096
Sum of all present values=NPV=32,407
IRR(by using trial and error method=12.4186%
On the basis of NPV project B is better because it gives higher NPV than project A. Whereas, Project A is better than project B on the basis of IRR because project A has slightly higher IRR than project B.
b)The conflict between both the investment appraisal technique is likely due to different cash flow patterns of both the project. In such situation decision should be based on NPV because this is an absolute measure
