The right of the state to enact and enforce laws for the order, safety, health, morals, and general welfare of the public is known as: police power. So, the correct option is (d).
According to the police powers concept, when a State uses its inherent ability to regulate to defend the public interest and enacts legitimate, non-discriminatory, and proportionate laws in accordance with due process, it is not breaking the law. To distinguish between compensable expropriation and non-compensable regulatory measures, the police powers doctrine is frequently invoked.
The police powers doctrine may be used in place of, or in addition to, the solitary effects doctrine or a stand-alone proportionality analysis in this situation. The "public purpose," "public interest," or "public need" conditions for justifiable expropriations specified in international investment agreements are distinct from the doctrine and should not be confused with them.
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