According to the circumplex model of emotion, depression is a state of Negative affect and low arousal, whereas calm is a state ofneutral affect and low arousal
James Russell created a circular model based on individual emotions . Russell (1980) requested participants to classify 28 emotion terms into groups based on perceived similarities in a previous study.
According to the circumplex model of emotion, all emotional experiences are the result of two basic neurophysiological systems, one of which is connected to valence (a continuum of pleasure and discomfort), and the other to arousal, or awareness (Russell, 1980).
In accordance with the circumplex model of emotion, all affective states are said to result from cognitive interpretations of fundamental brain experiences, which are the result of two separate neurophysiological systems.
