The 17th amendment was ratified in 1913. So before the ratification, the senators were chosen by the states legislature, but after the ratification it was a popular vote that disided the senator.
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The economy of the North was based mainly on Manufacturing. Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods (cloth) in the North and Northeners believed that slavery should farther then where it already was
While The economy of the South was based on agriculture and they firmly believe that Slavery should spread due to the big profit of cotton that was picked by slaves
