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2 years ago

Which is a barrier to entry? close substitutes diseconomies of scale government licensing price-taking behavior

1 answer:

6 0

Government Licensing is a barrier to entry. The obstacles or hindrances that make it difficult for new companies to enter a given market are referred to as barriers to entry.

Licenses and permits are government-issued entry barriers. These are typically issued by the government in order to maintain quality while also reducing competition. As a result, it will be difficult for new businesses or individuals to enter.

Barriers to entry generally operate on the asymmetry principle, which states that different firms have different strategies, assets, capabilities, access, and so on. When barriers become dysfunctional, incumbents can keep out virtually all competitors, resulting in a monopoly or oligopoly.

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An annual has 15 years to maturity. It has a coupon rate of 5%, a YTM of 8%. Fill in the cells highlighted in yellow, and aswer

grin007 [14]

Answer:

Market value at 8% YTM $ 743.2156

at 10% YTM $ 619.6960

Explanation:

Assuming the face value is 1,000 as common outstanding American company's bonds:

Market value under the current scenario:

Present value of the coupon payment:

$C \times \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\$

Coupon: $1,000 x 5% = 50

time 15 years

rate 0.08

$50 \times \frac{1-(1+0.08)^{-15} }{0.08} = PV\\$

PV $427.9739

Present Value of the Maturity

$\frac{Maturity}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV$

Maturity 1,000.00

time 15.00

rate 0.08

$\frac{1000}{(1 + 0.08)^{15} } = PV$

PV 315.24

PV c $427.9739

PV m $315.2417

Total $743.2156

If the interest rate in the market increaseby 2% then investor will only trade the bonds to get a yield 2% higher that is 10% so we recalculate the new price:

$C \times \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\$

C 50.000

time 15

rate 0.1

$50 \times \frac{1-(1+0.1)^{-15} }{0.1} = PV\\$

PV $380.3040

$\frac{Maturity}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV$

Maturity 1,000.00

time 15.00

rate 0.1

$\frac{1000}{(1 + 0.1)^{15} } = PV$

PV 239.39

PV c $380.3040

PV m $239.3920

Total $619.6960

Giving a lower price than before

3 0

2 years ago

You are the manager of a firm that produces products X and Y at zero cost. You know that different types of consumers value your

arlik [135]

Answer and Explanation:

If you charge $40 for X then everyone will buy as everyone is willing to pay atleast $40. this means all three groups buy that is 3*1000 buyers.So profit from X = 3000*40= $120,000

And since everyone is willing to willing to pay atleast $60 for Y again all three groups will buy so profit from Y =3000*60=$180,000

profits=$300,000

If you charge $90 and $160 for X and Y respectively you will have only 1000 buyers for each product as others are unwilling to pay this much.

So profits = 1000*90 + 1000*160=$250,000

for a bundle of X and Y buyers are willing to pay a total of $150, $210 and $200 across the three categories.

So everyone will buy a bundle of 1 X and 1 Y.

profits = 150*3000= $450,000

If you charge $210 only the second will buy as they are willing to pay that much so profits =1000*210=$210,000

Also by selling X at $90 group 1 will buy X; profits=1000*90=$90,000

and by selling Y at $160 group 3 will buy Y; profits=1000*160=$160,000

total profits =$460,000

8 0

3 years ago

In the last few weeks, Steve has stopped chatting with his coworkers during work. He takes short lunch breaks, and he is complet

diamong [38]

This is a concentrated productive worker

3 0

3 years ago

Suppose an unlevered firm issues $1000 in debt at a cost of debt of 10%. If the corporate tax rate is 20%, what is the change in

Strike441 [17]

Suppose an unlevered firm issues $1000 in debt at a cost of debt of 10%. If the corporate tax rate is 20%, $200 t is the change in the firm's value.

Due to the issue of the corporate tax rate is entitled to Interest Tax Shield assuming Debt issued by the firm is perpetual and ignoring financial distress costs

Change in Value of firm

=Net Effect of Debt Financing

=Present Value of Interest Tax Shield (financial distress costs ignored)

= DebtValue * Cost of Debt * Tax Rate Interest Rate

= $1,000 * 10% * 20% 10%

=$200,

corporate tax rate, also known as corporate income tax or corporate tax, is a direct tax levied on the income or capital of a corporation or similar corporation. Many countries impose such taxes at the national level, and similar taxes may be levied at the state or local level.

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3 0

1 year ago

If a player chooses a mixed strategy in a Nash equilibrium, this implies that the payoff from using that mixed strategy is the s

son4ous [18]

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

The concept of "Nash equilibrium" is been by economist and also by "gamers" in game theory. Nash equilibrium is so good for making decisions and the determination of strategies.

In playing this game, the players or participants can use the pure strategy or the mixed strategy. The mixed strategy is the use of different strategies randomly.

"If a player chooses a mixed strategy in a Nash equilibrium, this implies that the payoff from using that mixed strategy is the same as the payoff from using any of the pure strategies in it".

The statement given above is FALSE because the PAYOFF WILL INCREASE IF WE ARE TO PLAY A MIXED STRATEGY.

For instance if we have a head of 1 and -1, and a tail of -1 and 1, the payoff for pure strategy is likely one or minus one but for a mixed strategy it could be zero.

8 0

3 years ago