Prokaryotic organisms fall under the Archaea and Bacteria domains. Prokaryotic organisms lack cell organelles and a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryotes are microscopic organisms from the two of the three main domains of life—Bacteria and Archaea—that are part of the domains of life. (The third eukaryote, eukarya, includes all eukaryotes, such as animals, plants, and fungi.) While the majority of eukaryotes are multicellular, bacteria and archaea are single-celled.
Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria or the majority of the other membrane-bound organelles that make up a eukaryotic cell, in addition to not having a nucleus. Prokaryotic organelles, including bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to be simple organelles enclosed in protein shells, have since been discovered. Previously, it was believed that prokaryotic cellular components within the cytoplasm were unenclosed aside from an outer cell membrane. Some prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, can form substantial colonies despite being unicellular. Some have multicellular stages in their life cycles, like myxobacteria. Prokaryotes are asexual and do not fuse their gametes during reproduction, though horizontal gene transfer does occur.
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