Answer:
Higher-order conditioning (second-order conditioning)
Explanation:
Higher-order conditioning (second-order conditioning) is not about the direct threaten of stimulus but it is about the indirect threaten of the stimulus. It involves disturbances in emotional and behavioral stimuli. This type of conditioning occurs with the people who faced any type of trauma in their life.
It occurs with the pairing of the situation with the traumatic situation. This conditioning includes negative emotions as well as less or neutral cues related to the situation. Thus the neutral cue creates the same disturbance as happened in the original situation.
Thus here in the above context, Fred's dog was conditioned at the sound of the bell for salvation. After that Fred associated the bell with another stimulus like a whistling sound.
Fred's dog even then salivate when it hears the sound of the whistle, he never heard before. This illustrates the second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning.
Sociology is the study of ever aspects of society such as how it created, how it developed, how it chose it members, etc.
This discipline tend to goes well beyond conventional wisdom because the way we view each aspect of society tend to be really subjective, depending on our situation, perspective, and position in society.
Answer:
Eventually, they concluded that the Soviet Union sought to eliminate freedom ... each argument contains a word that is key to identifying its corresponding policy. ... The former allies disagreed on many issues, but the chief source of conflict was the ... The containment of Communism had to be worldwide, because American
Explanation:
Answer:
The first phase of European colonisation of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries after the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and later French and British marine spice traders.
