Some of the crucial functional groups in organic compounds are the hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl groups. The formation of molecules including DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids depends heavily on these groups.
<h3>What are the four functional groups?</h3>
A functional group in organic chemistry is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that triggers the molecule's distinctive chemical processes. No matter how the rest of the molecule is made up, the same functional group will experience the same or a similar set of chemical events.
{ Functional Group Formula - Suffix - Example }
• Alcohol, R-OH-ol Methanol
• Ketone, R-(CO)-R’-one Butanone
• Aldehyde, R-CHO-al Ethanal (acetaldehyde)
• Acyl Halide, R-(CO)-X-oyl halide Ethanoyl Chloride (acetyl chloride)
• Carboxylate, R-COO–-oate Sodium Ethanoate (sodium acetate)
• Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH-oic acid Ethanoic Acid (acetic acid)
• Ester, R-(CO)-O-R’ Alkyl alkanoate Ethyl Butanoate (Ethyl butyrate)
• Ether, R-O-R’ Alkyl ether Diethyl Ether (ethoxyethane)
{ Functional Group Formula - Suffix - Example }
• Amide, R-(CO)-N-R2-amideEthanamide (acetamide)
• Primary Amine, R-NH2-amineMethylamine
• Secondary Amine, R2NH-amineDimethylamine
• Tertiary Amine, NR3-amineTrimethylamine
• Imide, (RCO)2N-R’-imideSuccinimide
• Cyanate, R-OCN Alkyl cyanate Methyl CyanateIsocyanate, R-NCOAlkyl isocyanate Methyl Isocyanate.
A functional group is a collection of atoms within molecules that interact to cause predictable reactions. Functional groups include the hydroxyl, ketone, amine, and ether groups, for instance.
C double bond is called Alkenes.
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