Well the organism that is producing an offspring is already very adapted to it's surroundings. So, the organism has developed characteristics that help it survive in it's environment. These traits are passed down to the offspring. Creating adaptations to this particular species.
The state in which all of the external forces acting upon an object are balanced; there is no acceleration. friction ..... quadrupling. doubling distance and quadrupling mass has the overall effect of the force
Crush the limestone... it would give more area for the acid to react
Rubidium is a alkali metal.
If two particles have the same charge they will repel each other when brought close together.