Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Answer:
The areas that have had the action potential are refractory to a new action potential.
Explanation:
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Answer:
<em>The correct option is D) the rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.</em>
Explanation:
Photosynthesis can be described as the process by which plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water by using light energy from the Sun. Oxygen is produced as a by-product of this reaction.
As we increase the intensity of light, the rate of photosynthesis also increases. But after a certain time, the reaction rate will level off as there might be enough food produced or the light energy might have caused the temperature to rise which would have caused the enzymes to get denatured.
