The phenomenon of brightness constancy illustrates that our perception of a surface's brightness takes into account, and adjusts for, the level of surrounding illumination
What is brightness constancy?
Our visual ability to perceive objects as having the same brightness level even when the level of lighting changes is known as brightness constancy.
For instance, a white object will appear to be the same shade of white regardless of the amount of light it is exposed to, be it bright sunlight during the day or gentle lamplight at night. The colour of white appears to be the same even when the lighting has altered. As long as the object and its surroundings are illuminated by light of the same intensity, the object will maintain brightness constancy. When the brightness of the background and the item are not the same, brightness constancy is not preserved. If the background is lighter than the object, it will appear darker.
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