Answer:
b) Utilitarians and Aristotle both believe that the government should attempt to maximize the aggregate of pleasure minus pain, whereas Rawlsian believe that the government should simply protect rights.
Explanation:
Utilitarians believe that the interest of government should be the same as that of the people, the reason is that, as a whole, the greatest liberty of people is a function of the welfare the people wish to enjoy, and this eads to the possibility and the desirability of progressive social change through peaceful political processes.
At the same time, Aristotle believe that government should govern for the general good or interest of the people, he concluded that, a kind of constitutional democracy, is the most ideal, as it sought for general interest of the people, in which rich and poor respect each other’s rights and the best-qualified citizens rule with the consent of all.
On the contrary, Rawls Liberalism believe that government should only uphold what is ideal, by balancing what is right with justice. According to him, government should protect the citizens, but not necessarily giving in to the aggregate pleasure of the people, that is, doing what is right, which will be supported by reasonable people as against what is considered good.
Hence, Utilitarians and Aristotle both believe that the government should attempt to maximize the aggregate of pleasure minus pain, whereas Rawlsian believe that the government should simply protect rights.
