When people burn fossil fuels it feeds into global warming. Global warming is melting the permafrost in these tundra regions causing them to collapse.
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The synthesis of fatty acids starts with a preparratory phase in which acetyl CoA is translocated from mitochondria to the cytosol. However, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is translocated as citrate that is cleaved to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.
In the cytosol, acetyl CoA is transformed to malonyl-CoA, that is, a three carbon compound. Fatty acid synthesis starts with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthase.
Two-carbon groups supplied by malonyl-CoA, are supplemented to the developing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, reduction, and dehydration reactions. Elongation of the fatty acid chain ceases at 16 carbon atoms, after 7 cycles, as the free fatty acid is discharged.
The right answer is 4).
The cytoskeleton is made up of biological polymers of proteins, sometimes called fibers because of their large size at the cellular level. They are classified into three categories:
Microfilaments: involves in cytoplasmic phenomena (division, endocytosis, migration).
Intermediate filaments: Maintenance of the nucleus structure.
Microtubules: Involved in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.