Chemicals can make mutations by a number of mechanisms. Base
analogs are incorporated into DNA and mostly pair with the wrong base.
Alkylating agents, deaminating chemicals, hydroxylamine, and oxidative radicals
change the structure of DNA bases, thus altering their pairing properties.
Introducing agents wedge between the bases and cause single-base insertions and
deletions in replication.
It would be virus. I’m sure. The rest can’t do harm. “If you are pregnant, it's important to take precautions against viral infections. A viral infection is a contagious illness. Most viruses will not hurt your baby. However, some viruses can cause miscarriage or birth defects in your baby.”
Increasing its pH because then the enzyme wont be ablr to work properly
Answer:
12 molecules of ATP can be made from one molecule of acetyl CoA.
Explanation:
If one molecule of acetyl CoA enter TCA cycle then it result in the formation of 3 molecules of NADH,1 molecule of FADH2 and 1 molecule of GTP that is equivalent to 1 molecule of ATP.
Now the reducing equivalent such as NADH and FADH2 enters electron transport chain and get oxidized to regenerate NAD+ and FAD along with ATP. 1 molecule of NADH produces 3 molecules of ATP whereas 1 molecule of FADH2 produces 2 molecules of ATP.
So that net gain of ATP is given below
3 molecules of NADH = 9 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of FADH2 =2 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of GTP = 1 molecule of ATP
As a result total 12 molecules of ATP is by the oxidation of 1 Acetyl CoA by TCA cycle .
