Answer:We were all ranked together at the valuation. Men and women, old and young, married and single, were ranked with horses, sheep, and swine. There were horses
Explanation:
Hi
Mutations are responsible for increasing the antibiotic resistance of some bacterial strains.
As we know that antibiotics are the drugs that target specific strain or type of bacteria, and kill them. These are designed against specific disease causing gene of that bacteria strain. However, as the genome of bacteria is very small in size, and bacteria undergo hundreds of multiplication events in very small span of time. Therefore, upon replicating, there occur chances of mutations in genetic sequence of bacteria.
When the genetic sequence of bacteria is changed even by one base, the drug wont be able to target and kill that strain of bacteria. And researchers need to design new antibiotic against new strains of bacteria.
Antibiotics resistance has become huge issue across the world as it takes alot of time (years) to design and approve an antibiotic.
Hope it help!
Answer:
HYDRA
Explanation:
The nerve cells are scattered in each layer of the body wall and these neurons send information from sensory organs. Based on the given choices above, the organism that has a nerve net that allows it to respond to a stimulus in a coordinated way is the HYDRA.
Answer: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.
Explanation: Cells require chemical energy for three general types of tasks: to drive metabolic reactions that would not occur automatically; to transport needed substances across membranes; and to do mechanical work, such as moving muscles. ATP is not a storage molecule for chemical energy; that is the job of carbohydrates, such as glycogen, and fats. When energy is needed by the cell, it is converted from storage molecules into ATP. ATP then serves as a shuttle, delivering energy to places within the cell where energy-consuming activities are taking place. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine; the sugar, ribose; and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source that the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually, only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy; when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. ATP can power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation). This transfer is carried out by special enzymes that couple the release of energy from ATP to cellular activities that require energy.
During the electron transport, chan energy stored in electrons is used to pump hydrogen protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. The numbers of protons increase this creates a chemical gradient(because there is a higher concentration of ions) and an electrical gradient(because the intermembrane space becomes more positive than the matrix because of the protons-H⁺). Those protons need to flow towards the matrix for equilibrium to occur. As we know the inside membrane of the mitochondria has a reduced permeability. The main place where protons can diffuse is the ATP-synthase(a protein that turns ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP). When protons pass through they release the energy necessary for this reaction to occur(ADP+H₃PO₄-->ATP+H₂O)
