PLANTATION SYSTEM OF THE SOUTH.<span> William Bradford, governor of the Plymouth colony in Massachusetts, invoked the standard English usage of his day when he entitled his remarkable history of the colony </span>Of Plymouth Plantation.<span> In the seventeenth century, the process of settling colonies was commonly known as "transplantation," and individual settlements went by such names as the Jamestown plantation or, in the case of the Massachusetts Pilgrims, the Plymouth plantation. Yet by the end of the colonial period, the generic term for English settlements had given way to a new definition. A "plantation" referred to a large-scale agricultural operation on which slaves were put to work systematically producing marketable crops such as rice, tobacco, sugar, and cotton. In fact, the link between plantations and slavery had been forged over several centuries, long before William Bradford and other English settlers ever dreamed of establishing colonies in Massachusetts and Virginia.</span>
The outcomes would remain unchanged, with the majority of particles passing through the foil undisturbed and only a small number being deflected at broad angles.
<h3>When Rutherford fired positively charged particles?</h3>
The majority of an atom is empty space, as demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil experiment, with a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus. These findings led Rutherford to propose the nuclear theory of the atom.
Surprisingly, while the majority of the alpha particles were indeed un-deflected, a very small fraction (about 1 in 8000 particles) bounced off the gold foil at extremely enormous angles. Some were even redirected back to the original location. They had no prior knowledge to help them prepare for this finding.
Because they travel at a high speed and have the least penetrating power of the alpha, beta, and gamma rays, he used them. As a result, they will be least impacted by the atom's electrons, producing results that are more precise.
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An action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education ; positive discrimination
The process by which benign contexts come to elicit fear through their association with fear-inducing stimuli is called contextual fear conditioning and requires intact hippocampi .
Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) in rodents is the most widely used behavioral paradigm in neuroscience research to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory. It is based on the pairing of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g. mild footshock) with a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g. context of the test chamber) in order to acquire associative long-term memory (LTM), which persists for days and even months. Using genome-wide analysis, several studies have generated lists of genes modulated in response to CFC in an attempt to identify the "memory genes", which orchestrate memory formation. Yet, most studies use naïve animals as a baseline for assessing gene-expression changes, while only few studies have examined the effect of the US alone, without pairing to context, using genome-wide analysis of gene-expression. Herein, using the ribosome profiling methodology, we show that in male mice an immediate shock, which does not lead to LTM formation, elicits pervasive translational and transcriptional changes in the expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) in dorsal hippocampus (such as Fos and Arc), a fact which has been disregarded by the majority of CFC studies. By removing the effect of the immediate shock, we identify and validate a new set of genes, which are translationally and transcriptionally responsive to the association of context-to-footshock in CFC, and thus constitute salient "memory genes".
The hippocampi or historically the cornu Ammonis, is an important component of the human brain, situated in the temporal lobe. It plays a role in information processing and the reproductive cycle and is involved in Alzheimer disease.
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