Enveloped viral membranes are generally (C)lipid bilayers with associated virus-specific (C)glycoproteins.
Viruses are intracellular parasites that hijack the cellular machinery for their own replication. Therefore, an essential step in the viral life cycle is the transfer of the viral genome into cells. Enveloped viruses (viruses with a lipid envelope) use a two-step process to release their genetic material into the cell.
It first binds to specific surface receptors on target cell membranes and then fuses with these. Viruses and cell membranes. This last step can occur at the cell surface or after internalization of the virus particle by endocytosis or another pathway (such as micropinocytosis).
Strikingly, the virus-cell-membrane fusion process proceeds along essentially the same intermediate steps as other membrane fusions that occur, for example, in vesicle fusion at neural synapses or cell-cell fusion in yeast mating. Fusogens, special viral proteins, facilitate the fusion of viruses and cell membranes.
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D
because it reflects the same shape of the figure on the top half
Plasmolysis is the reason. The reason that the Elodea cell prevents from collapsing completely is that the Plasmolysis is the main reason because it always has water to keep it full. The answer in this question is Plasmolysis is the reason because it always has water to keep it full.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c, that is, lactic acid.
Explanation:
One can determine the anaerobic function of muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid buildup in muscles. The production of lactic acid in muscles takes place by the process of anaerobic respiration. At the time of rigorous training or exercise, one requires more amount of energy for a short burst of time.
As oxygen is already used for higher purposes in the body, the levels of oxygen get reduced for performing any more activities. Thus, in order to generate more energy the process of anaerobic respiration takes place. Anaerobic respiration is the form of respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen. In the process, one molecule of glucose gets transformed into two molecules of lactic acid, which gets accumulated in the muscles. This production of lactic acid provides a quick form of energy, which is utilized at the time of intense training and thus, one can check the anaerobic functioning of the muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid in the muscles.
Answer:
Explanation:
Pollinators range from physical agents, especially the wind (wind pollination is called anemophily), or biotic agents such as insects, birds, bats and other animals (pollination by insects is called entomophily, by birds ornithophily, by bats chiropterophily).
