The Columbian exchange was a product of European overseas expansion (a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic). Exploration and conquest by the Spanish and Portuguese resulted in extensive fatal epidemics, the creation of racially mixed populations, and the establishment of a caste system.
Spanish settlers had a significant impact on the Western Hemisphere's economic, social, and political growth exchange through the introduction of new crops and cattle. New American crops encouraged population growth in European countries.
The European transition from feudalism to capitalism was made easier by new mineral income exchange sources. The British colonies in North America supplied Europe with raw goods including rice, tobacco, and lumber.
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