Answer: c.  
In a  competitive market, there are many producers competing to provide consumers the products they needed and thus they cannot dictate prices.
If a surplus occurs, there is an excess of quantity supplied and since producers won't be able to sell all their products, they tend or are forced to lower their price.
The reverse happens when there is a shortage. When there is less supply in the market, price increases.
Surplus and shortage in a competitive market, therefore, will cause shifts in the demand and supply curves that tend to eliminate the surplus or shortage.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:B 
Explanation: everything had a code of ethics.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Independent agencies; reliability and stability
Explanation:
Bonds are securities which help to raise funds. Bonds generally rated by independent agencies, which rate bonds based on their performance and reliability. Independent agencies forecast the future prices of bonds based on historical data. Investors highly rely on bond ratings because it helps them to identify the best investment decision. Investors usually invest in bonds which are rated higher due to their reliability and future predictions.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: d. A statement that the financial statements are the responsibility of the client's management
Explanation:
The new reporting standard (AS 3101) requires auditor's opinion on the financial statements to be moved to the first paragraph of the Audit report, Requires the Auditor to use section titles to identify and highlight important information, Requires an Auditor to provide a clear clarification that the audit scope includes notes to the financial statement, and also the Auditor is required to disclose the year they began serving consecutively as the company's auditors. 
 A statement that the financial statements are the responsibility of the client's management is NOT part of changes brought by AS 3101
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
It will take 8 years and 113 days.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
How many years will it take for an initial investment of $50,000 to grow to $75,000.
We need to use a variation of the future value formula:
FV= PV*(1+i)^n
Isolation n:
n=[ln(FV/PV)]/ln(1+r)
n= [ln(75000/50,000)] / ln(1.05)= 8.31
To be more accurate:
0.31*365= 113
It will take 8 years and 113 days.