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expeople1 [14]
1 year ago
9

Describe and explain how the surface of the early Earth and its atmosphere have changed

Biology
1 answer:
Yuliya22 [10]1 year ago
8 0

Earth had essentially no atmosphere when it originated 4.6 billion years ago from a heated mixture of gases and minerals. The ground had melted on it.

An atmosphere developed when Earth cooled, primarily from gases released by volcanoes. It contained methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ten to 200 times as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere we are surrounded by today. The Earth's surface began to cool and solidify after roughly 500 million years, allowing water to accumulate there. Although life on Earth continued to develop and diversify, such periods of expansion and development were halted by mass extinctions, in which many of the planet's major life forms were either entirely or partially wiped out and many others were freshly established. Such catastrophic extinction episodes are attributed to asteroids impacts, climate change, volcanic eruptions, etc. Dinosaurs were also wiped out in one such event. The largest problem the Earth is currently experiencing is climate change brought on by human activity. Although human activities may exterminate some species from the world, the planet will undoubtedly recover and return to its natural balance as it has for millions of years. However, the sun will ultimately wipe out Earth, as predicted by scientists. The Sun will lose its structural integrity and enlarge in volume as it ages and eventually runs out of the fuel that keeps it going—hydrogen—which will cause it to burn everything in its path, including life on Earth. In the end, the Sun would perish, leaving the Solar System permanently in the dark.

Learn more about Early Earth brainly.com/question/14478431

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Considering the same population of cats as in Part A, what is the expected frequency of each genotype (TLTL, TLTS, TSTS ) based
zaharov [31]

Answer:

P = f(TLTL) = 0,16

H = f(TLTS) = 0,48

Q = f(TSTS) = 0,36

Explanation:

Hello!

The allele proportion of any locus defines the genetic constitution of a population. Its sum is 1 and its values ​​can vary between 0 (absent allele) and 1 (fixed allele).

The calculation of allelic frequencies of a population is made taking into account that homozygotes have two identical alleles and heterozygotes have two different alleles.

In this case, let's say:

f(TL) = p

f(TS) = q

p + q = 1

Considering the genotypes TLTL, TLTS, TSTS, and the allele frequencies:

TL= 0,4

TS= 0,6

Genotypic frequency is the relative proportion of genotypes in a population for the locus in question, that is, the number of times the genotype appears in a population.

P = f(TLTL)

H = f(TLTS)

Q = f(TSTS)

Also P + H + Q = 1

And using the equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotypic frequencies of equilibrium are given by the development of the binomial:

p^{2} = f(TLTL)

2pq = f(TSTL)

q^{2} = f(TSTS)

So, if the population is in balance:

P = p^{2}

H = 2pq

Q = q^{2}

Replacing the given values of allele frecuencies in each equiation you can calculate the expected frequency of each genotype for the next generation as:

f(TLTL) = P = p^{2} = 0,4^{2} = 0,16

f(TLTS) = H = 2pq = 2*0,4*0,6 = 0,48

f(TSTS) = Q = q^{2} = 0,6^{2} = 0,36

I hope you have a SUPER day!

6 0
3 years ago
Which evolutionary mechanism caused the increase in dark-colored Biston betularia moths in England in the 1800s? genetic drift n
SashulF [63]

Answer:

Natural Selection is an evolutionary process that caused the increment of dark-coloured Biston betularia moths in England. It happened due to increase of air pollution in the industries. The bark of the trees became darker because of the deposition of pollutants.

In order to save itself from predators, the species of Biston betularia evolved itself to a dark coloured species so that the predators gets confused between the bark of the tree and the Biston betularia.

3 0
3 years ago
What is allele frequency?
IgorLugansk [536]

Answer:

The correct answer would be - D. the distribution of alleles in a population.

Explanation:

Allele frequency in population genetics is the term used to provide the amount of the different alleles in particular loci. In other words, it is the distribution of alleles in a population.

The term allele frequency refers to the fraction of the copies of the gene of the alleles in a known population. It can be calculated by the number of allele present of interest divided by total number of alleles in a population.

5 0
2 years ago
How many grams of the compound in the figure above are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution? (Note: The atomic masses, i
Dafna1 [17]

Answer:

This question is incomplete as there is no figure in the question but the compound in the figure is Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH). Hence, we can calculate the mass.

The answer is: 30grams

Explanation:

According to the question, the volume of the compound (CH3COOH) is 1litre while the molar concentration is 0.5M

Molarity or Molar concentration is calculated using the formula:

M= n/V

Where; M= Molarity (M) = 0.5M

n= number of moles (mol)

V= Volume (V) = 1L

Hence, number of moles (n) = M × V

n = 0.5 × 1

n = 0.5 moles.

To calculate the mass in grams of CH3COOH, we say;

Number of moles (n) × molar mass (MM)

Since atomic mass for (C= 12, H= 1 and O=16)

Molar mass of CH3COOH:

= 12 + 1(3) + 12 + 16 + 16 + 1

Molar mass of CH3COOH = 60g/mol

Mass (in grams) of CH3COOH = 0.5 moles × 60g/mol

Mass = 30grams.

Therefore, 30grams of CH3COOH compound are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution.

6 0
3 years ago
Why does synthetically produced RNase refold incorrectly if the reducing agent is removed before urea removal?
olya-2409 [2.1K]
<h2>Disulfide bonds interaction </h2>

Explanation:

  • The high concentration of urea causes unfolding of protein and thus results in loss of function of a protein. The urea interacts with the protein and prevents the folding of a protein.
  • During oxidation, the disulfide bonds that are required for proper functioning and stabilization of protein are formed, while in the presence of urea, the disulfide bonds are not positioned correctly. The protein oxidation results in covalent modification of a protein that results in the change of physical and chemical properties of a protein.
  • The change of physical and chemical properties of protein after oxidation and in the presence of urea cannot be modified even after the removal of urea. Thus, protein does not fold properly.
  • Hence the right answer is "disulfide bonds are not positioned correctly rather than week bonding interaction"

6 0
3 years ago
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