Answer:
the pathway will be under-expressed.
- the alpha subunit helps to bind with either GDP or GTP. when the α subunit is bound with GDP, it will be bound to β and γ subunits and thus forms an inactive state for G-protein.
- when the alpha subunit binds with the GTP, it becomes activated and dissociates β and γ subunits.
if G-protein Coupled Receptor is unable from dissociating β and γ subunits, then the pathway will go under expression.
The chemical qualities of the alpha subunit allow it to bind easily to one of two guanine subunits, GDP or GTP. The protein thus has two functional formations. When GDP is bound to the alpha subunit, the alpha subunit remains bound to the beta-gamma subunit to form an inactive trimeric protein.
G-proteins, cAMP, and Ion Channel Opening. The alpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase, in purple, and loses GTP. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP, which then activates Protein Kinase, shown in blue. Protein Kinase phosphorylates an ion channel, letting sodium ions rush into the cell.
As a result of the ligand binding to its site on the G-protein-linked receptor, A) the G-protein changes conformation and GTP replaces the GDP on the alpha subunit. ... Inactivation of the alpha subunit occurs when its own phosphorylase activity removes a phosphate from the GTP.
Answer:
Plants exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The oxygen is used for respiration and is also a waste product of photsynthesis. The carbon dioxide is used for photsynthesis.
During the day time, the stomata of the plant will open to let the carbon dioxide in for photsynthesis. Cabron dioxide diffuses into the leaf down a concetration gradient. oxygen will leave the leaf down the concentration gradient.
This process is the gas exchnage of plants.
How stomata open: Stomata open during the dayby absorbing water vapor, become turgid and and open. During the night, the stomata becomes flaccid and floppy. this causes it to close.
Explanation:
Answer: Food storage
Explanation:
Stomach is a small pouch like structure which has the ability to store food temporarily.The storage of the food temporarily takes place in the stomach. The food that we eat reaches to the stomach by the help of food pipe.
Here, the food is stored until it is completely broken down into simpler form and enzymes act on them.
The food is then absorbed in the small intestine. But before this food is temporarily stored in the stomach where all the digestive juices and enzymes come to act on the food.
Answer:
The cells need water to maintain their metabolic functions, the way water enters through cells membranes is by osmosis.
Explanation:
The cell membrane is a lipidic bilayer composed of phospholipids and embedded proteins. Phospholipids have the characteristic of being amphiphilic which means that possess hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics. The most common way is by osmosis, that is a mechanism that moves water from high concentration to less concentration of water. In the cell membrane, there are is channels of proteins called aquaporins that facilitate the pass of water through the membrane. Also, as water is a very small molecule without charge, this characteristic allows passing a limit amount of water molecules through the hydrophilic characteristic of membranes.
