Question

A __________________ allows hydrogen ions to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 1

The name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane is ATP synthase.

ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is classified under ligases as it changes ADP by the formation of P-O bond (phosphodiester bond). ATP synthase is a molecular machine.

The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:

ADP + Pi + 2H+(out)    ⇌      ATP + H2O + 2H+(in)

The formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction. In order to drive this reaction forward, ATP synthase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria. During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma.

Learn more about inner mitochondrial membrane here:

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