Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.
Answer:
Regulation, Control, Coordination, Growth, Nutrient, Nutrition, Homeotasis
Answer:
It is pertinent to understand what hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution means before setting out to explain how a cell reaches equilibrium in each type of solution.
A hypertonic solution is one whose solute concentration is higher than that of the sap of a cell that is immersed in it.
A hypotonic solution is one with the same solute concentration as that of the sap of the cell immersed in it.
An isotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than that of the sap of the cell immersed in it.
In biological systems, water molecules move by osmosis from the region of higher water potential or lower concentration of solutes to the region of lower water potential or higher concentration of solute. An equilibrium is reached when there is no net movement of water between two sides. Hence;
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will lose water to the surrounding solution until an equilibrium is reached. This means that such a cell will end up shrinking (wilting) or even dying due to loss of water from the cell sap.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will gain water from the surrounding solution until there is no net movement of water anymore. Such a cell might become turgid or even burst out its cell content.
A cell placed in an isotonic solution will neither gain nor lose water because the cell sap and the surrounding solution have equal solute concentrations.
Explanation:
