Found in retina, Starbust amacrine cells are characterized by simultaneous release of two neurotransmitters. These two neurotransmitters are GABA and acetylcholine. Bistratified states dual layer of cells. So, bistratified starburst amacrine cells occur in two types namely ON and OFF types.
ON types has stomata in Ganglion cell layer Inner Plexiform Layer while OFF types has stomata in Inner Nuclear Layer and Inner Plexiform Layer. Sox2 is a transcription factor associated with ability to modify the morphology and ratio of cells.
The mentioned paper aims to find if both ON and OFF types are neurally connected by bistratified starburst amacrine cells. The results suggested that Sox2 can alter binding of bipolar cells with dendrites.
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