Giraffes probably used to have short necks. Over time, since the branches of trees or plants were out of their reach, they adapted to this by having a longer neck. Those with longer necks are able to reach the food and eat it that those with short necks could not. Obviously, those with longer necks are able to survive and therefore reproduce. Because of reproduction, they are able to pass on this characteristic that allowed them to survive on to their offspring. This leads to offspring doing the same and over time, affecting the entire population of giraffes and soon evolving giraffes. This is natural selection doing its work in the evolution of long necks in giraffes.
***the molecular tools are:
Restriction enzymes
Restriction genes allow the synthesis of DNA-cleaving endonucleases at very specific sites to digest parasite DNA
-RNAse
* RNA A: specifically cleaves single-stranded RNAs, and releases residues of pyrimidine 3'-phosphates
* H RNA: cleaves DNA / RNA hybridization -digests RNA in an RNA-DNA complex. It is used to remove RNA after making a first strand of cDNA using reverse transcriptase.
-Alclaline phosphatase:
Alkaline phosphatases are active at alkaline pH. They make it possible to remove the phosphate group situated at 5 'of a DNA chain. They are extracted from bacteria or animal origin (intestines). They are used to prepare recombinant DNA.
-Kinase:
Kinases make it possible to fix a phosphate group in the presence of ATP.
-the enzymes copying the nucleic acids:
* DNA Polymerase (Taq, and the Klenow fragment) for example)
* inverted transcriptase.
* RNA polymerase
-Ligase
***Use of these techniques.
The biologist has a number of tools and methods for studying gene mutation. The analysis of the gene will make it possible to diagnose certain pathologies. Then, once the pathology is known, the doctor can establish an adequate treatment for the patient in order to treat it.
That would be B.
A pairs with T(or U in RNA).
C pairs with G.
The Venus flytrap is a species of plant. It naturally occurs in areas such as bogs and marshes with very little nutrients such as nitrogen. As such, it has evolved to capture prey such as insects, spiders, and other invertebrate and small vertebrates to digest, allowing it to gain nutrients from its food. Hope this helped!
