A nurse provides morning care for a client in the intensive care unit (icu). suddenly, the bedside monitor shows ventricular fibrillation and the client becomes unresponsive<u>" Your atrial chambers may contain blood clots now, so you must take an anticoagulant for a few weeks before the cardioversion."</u>
Ventricular fibrillation is a type of abnormal coronary heart rhythm (arrhythmia). in the course of ventricular fibrillation, the lower heart chambers contract in a totally rapid and uncoordinated manner. As a result, the coronary heart would not pump blood to the relaxation of the frame.
Atrial fibrillation and ventricular traumatic inflammation are each sorts of irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). Atrial fibrillation (AFib) affects the 2 top chambers of your heart. Ventricular traumatic inflammation (VFib) influences the 2 lower chambers of the coronary heart.
V-fib maximum generally occurs all through an acute heart assault or shortly thereafter. when coronary heart muscle does now not get enough blood glide, it is able to emerge as electrically unstable and reason risky heart rhythms. A coronary heart that has been broken by way of a coronary heart assault or other coronary heart muscle damage is at risk of V-fib.
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It will affect your basic senses of pressure, temperature, vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch and pain.
Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
The underlying cause you should suspect during the 12-lead ECG test on the patient is Hypokalemia.
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What is Hypokalemia?</h3>
Hypokalemia is a medical disorder that results from low levels of potassium in the blood.
During 12-lead ECG test, hypokalemia can cause dynamic changes in T-wave morphology and prolonged QT intervals.
Thus, the underlying cause you should suspect during the 12-lead ECG test on the patient is Hypokalemia.
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