Question

Is almost always better to cite exact numbers rather than to round statistics up or down true or false

Answer 1

When scientists make a measurement or calculate some quantity from their data, they generally assume that some exact or "true value" exists based on how they define what is being measured (or calculated). Scientists reporting their results usually specify a range of values that they expect this "true value" to fall within. The most common way to show the range of values is:

measurement = best estimate ± uncertainty

Experimental uncertainties should be rounded to one significant figure. Experimental uncertainties are, by nature, inexact. Uncertainties are almost always quoted to one significant digit (example: ±0.05 s). If the uncertainty starts with a one, some scientists quote the uncertainty to two significant digits

Estimating the uncertainty in a single measurement requires judgment on the part of the experimenter.

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