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AfilCa [17]
1 year ago
12

permutation p-values should never be zero: calculating exact p-values when permutations are randomly drawn

Mathematics
1 answer:
erastova [34]1 year ago
5 0

Permutation P-values should never be zero: calculating exact P-values when permutations are randomly drawn

This is a research paper whose authors are Belinda Phipson , Gordon K Smyth,

Abstract:

  • Permutation tests are among the most extensively used statistical procedures in current genomic research, and they include randomly permuting the sample or gene labels to assign p-values to test statistics. However, permutation p-values reported in the genomic literature are frequently estimated improperly, understating the number of permutations by roughly 1/m. When Monte Carlo simulation is used to assign p-values, the same thing frequently happens. Although the p-value understatement is generally small in absolute terms, the repercussions in a multiple testing situation might be severe.
  • The underestimation stems from the intuitive but incorrect notion of using permutation to estimate the tail probability of the test statistic. Instead, we propose that permutation should be understood as yielding an exact discrete null distribution. The relevant literature, some of which is likely to have been relatively unavailable to the genetic community, is reviewed and summarised.

Conclusions:

  • When permutations are selected at random, a computing approach is established for accurate p-values. The approach works for any number of permutations and samples. Some basic guidelines are offered for the practical application of permutation testing.

To learn more about statistics, visit :

brainly.com/question/23091366

#SPJ4

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Can you please help me on 6(1+n)=8n-3(n-7)
Nana76 [90]

Answer:

n = 15

Step-by-step explanation:

6(1+n)=8n-3(n-7)

Distribute

6 +6n = 8n -3n +21

Combine like terms

6+6n = 5n +21

Subtract 5n from each side

6+6n-5n = 5n-5n +21

6 +n = 21

Subtract 6 from each side

6-6+n = 21-6

n = 15

3 0
3 years ago
Most US adults have social ties with a large number of people, including friends, family, co-workers, and other acquaintances. I
xxTIMURxx [149]

Answer:

t=\frac{669-634}{\frac{732}{\sqrt{1700}}}=1.971    

p_v =2*P(t_{(1699)}>1.971)=0.049  

If we compare the p value and the significance level given \alpha=0.1 we see that p_v so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, so we can conclude that the true mean is different from 634 at 10% of signficance.

Step-by-step explanation:

Data given and notation  

\bar X=669 represent the sample mean

s=732 represent the sample standard deviation

n=1700 sample size  

\mu_o =68 represent the value that we want to test

\alpha=0. represent the significance level for the hypothesis test.  

t would represent the statistic (variable of interest)  

p_v represent the p value for the test (variable of interest)  

State the null and alternative hypotheses.  

We need to conduct a hypothesis in order to check if the mean is different from 634, the system of hypothesis would be:  

Null hypothesis:\mu = 634  

Alternative hypothesis:\mu \neq 634  

If we analyze the size for the sample is > 30 but we don't know the population deviation so is better apply a t test to compare the actual mean to the reference value, and the statistic is given by:  

t=\frac{\bar X-\mu_o}{\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}}  (1)  

t-test: "Is used to compare group means. Is one of the most common tests and is used to determine if the mean is (higher, less or not equal) to an specified value".  

Calculate the statistic

We can replace in formula (1) the info given like this:  

t=\frac{669-634}{\frac{732}{\sqrt{1700}}}=1.971    

P-value

The first step is calculate the degrees of freedom, on this case:  

df=n-1=1700-1=1699  

Since is a two sided test the p value would be:  

p_v =2*P(t_{(1699)}>1.971)=0.049  

Conclusion  

If we compare the p value and the significance level given \alpha=0.1 we see that p_v so we can conclude that we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, so we can conclude that the true mean is different from 634 at 10% of signficance.

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saveliy_v [14]

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kolbaska11 [484]
Tell whether the product of Prxs and Q5x3 is defined. If so, give the dimensions of PQ.

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6 0
2 years ago
PLSS PA ANSWER PO DONT DELETE PO​
Ghella [55]

Answer:

The answer of the first on is 15 b because to find the perimeter of 2d shapes we have to add all the sides given ex: 5+5+5=15 so the answer of first question if 15.

Step-by-step explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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